Brayton engines

ABSTRACT

Gases are admitted and exhausted by ports in a sleeve around a piston. The sleeve is actuated from a point on the piston rod, giving it roughly an elliptical motion, favorable for keeping ports open a long time for entrance and exit of necessary quantum of gases without throttling.

United States Patent 11 1 R005 Oct. 29, 1974 [5 BRAYTON ENGINES2,011,820 8/1935 Meyer 1/31 c [76] Inventor: Willem Comelis R005, 318Rena Dr., Lafayette, La- 70501 Primary Examiner-Laurence M. Goodridge[22 ir 14 1973 Assistant Examiner-Ronald B. Cox

[21] Appl. No.: 332,317

[57] ABSTRACT [52] US. Cl 60/39.6, 91/169, 91/375,

123/188 C, 123/80 C, 123/65, 123/81 C Gases are admitted and exhaustedby ports in a sleeve Cl. 1 aro nd a The leeve is actuated from a point[58] Field of Search 123/188 C, 80 C, 81 C, on the piston rod, giving itroughly an elliptical 123/65; 91/3751 169? 60/231 39-6, 164 tion,favorable for keeping ports open a long time for entrance and exit ofnecessary quantum of gases with- [56] References Cited out throttlingUNITED STATES PATENTS 1,582,195 4/1926 Vallier 123/188 C 3 Claims, 6Drawing Figures PAIENTEUnme m4 (844,109 SIEEI 1 0f 2 Fl GIG INVENTOR.

WILLEM CORNEL ROOS PATENTEDBBI 29 m4 3,844,109 sum w a FIG.2

INVENTOR.

WILLEM CORNEL ROOS BRAYTON ENGINES RELATED INVENTIONS There is a relatedinvention (by me) applied for in Holland, but withdrawn beforepublication.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The prime problem in piston and cylinderexpansion motors is the weight per H.P. Up to now that weight per HP. isso high that these motors have no commercial meaning. The remedy is tolet the motor operate with high piston velocity (3035 Mts/sec), definedby 2 L N/awhere L is stroke in M/sec, N=RPM.

The consequences of a high piston velocity is always throttling of thegases, unless sufficient port opening is provided to prevent it. Theactuation of the sleeve is such that the ports in it keep open for asufficient time to allow a great gas weight to enter or exit thecylinder for high HP. production without throttling. That is the fieldof the invention.

PRIOR There have been a great many piston and cylinder expansion enginesmade in bygone years, all slow moving with low piston velocity. Thepower developed was equal or a little more than the friction.

About 1914 a Belgian company named Minerva fabricated an LC. automobilemotor with two sleeves. Harry R. Ricardo in his book The High Speed I.C.Engine Blackie & Sons London 1931 describes sleeves but none of them cando what my motor can, viz: keep the ports open long enough to allow agreat gas weight to enter and exit the cylinder without throttling.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Although the summary may be studied also in thePreferred Embodiment" the essence is set forth in this summary, andpictured in FIG. 1. The movement of the sleeve is derived from a spherewith center P., attached to the piston rod, as can be seen on FIG. 1,sections a, b, c, d, are cross sections across the longitudional sectionon the left.

P describes in general an ellipse, but it is experimentally found thatthis ellipse produces exceptional results only when it is placed in thespot shown in the drawing where stroke of piston VT- 38 millimeterlength of piston rod 75 millimeter distance P to Q l8 millimeterdistance P to top of crank circle 22 millimeter or multiples orfractions of it. P is in what may be called a preferred" neighborhood.The ellipse may be computed accurately and is shown. Q, R, S are thepositions of P when the crank is in T, U, & V. The ellipseshould have acrown as flat as possible, this is enhanced by offsetting the crank axisa slight distance from the piston axis.

The sleeve is moved by a hinge with vertical axis, there are 2 hingesupports 1 & 2, attached to elongation 3 of sleeve 4. The hinges arerepresented in the direction of arrow 5, supposed that this elongationwere transparent. The link whereby the movement of P is transferred tothe hinge supports is divided in 2 halves.

6p & 6q, the link is split along a P. They are united by bolt 7, thenrotated on P until the blades 8, 9 & l slip between 1 & 2 then the finalcentral bolt 12 is inserted. Now the sphere P forces the sleeve tooscillate back and forth, FIG. 1, b represents the position of 3 when Pis in Q and the crankpin in T, 0 when P is in S, the crankpin in V. Thesleeve thus describes an ellipse, deferred from the ellipse described byP. The essential part is that the sleeve and the openings in itadmitting the gas are stationary in a vertical sense during a large partof the descent of the piston thus providing ample opening to charge theincoming gas into the cylinder without throttling.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING (FIG. 2)

The motor consists of a piston 20, a connecting rod 21 and crank 23,which is of the overhanging type. Around the piston can move the sleeve24, therein are the openings 29 for admission and outlet of the gasafter expansion. The sleeve moves in housing 25 with the inlet 26 andoutlet 27 nozzle. The sleeve is so long that in its lowest positionthere is enough dam left above the lower edge of the cover 28. Theactuation of the sleeve actuated by spherical knob, link and hinge isdescribed in summary of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT (FIG. 2)

After the brief description above and the summary of the inventionhardly any more explanation is necessary. See FIG. 1 and 2. Thepiston-cylinder expansion engine meant by this invention containsnecessarily a piston 2, a sleeve 24, a connecting rod 21 and crank 23which is the overhanging type. Sleeve 24 is provided with 4 openings 29for inlet and outlet. The vital parts are housed in housing 25. A gasexpansion motor in general is only viable when enough gas weight can beintroduced in the cylinder that is: when enough opening is available tolet the gases pass without throttling. To be viable, the gas expansionmotor must operate with high piston velocities above 30 M/sec.Throttling will certainly occur when no great openings are provided.This is accomplished by the sleeve mechanism already described in theSummary". Whilst the piston descends, the sleeve and openings do not.FIG. 1 shows the piston in top, the sleeve openings 29 are visible theycorrespond with openings in the circular admission Ring 30. The crankrotates 45, this makes the piston descend 12 percent of her stroke.Whilst the sleeve provides full openings, it keeps verticallystationary. On revolving further the ports close by the descendingsleeve, but the overall result is that considerable gas weight entersthe piston without throttling.

The outlet is analogous, when the crankpin is in WI, the sphere is in Z,resp Z1. The piston has travelled percent of her stroke, the top hasdescended to W2 the lower edge of opening 29 is just about allowing thegases to escape. Rotating further the crank arrives in W3, the pistontop in W4. The piston top is just about going to exhaust. Nowcompression starts, depending on the exhaust pressure. It ends exactlyin point 31 of the indicator diagram of FIG. 3. For high exhaustpressure it might be necessary to make an extension to close later, thisis detail. Now the revolution is completed.

I claim:

1. A combustion engine including a cylinder, a crank shaft, a connectingrod journaled on to said crank shaft, a piston attached to saidconnecting rod and reciprocating by means of said crank shaft and saidconnecting rod within said cylinder, and a cylindrical sleeve valvehaving inlet and outlet ports, said sleeve valve being mountedconcentric with respect to both said piston and said cylinder, and aconnecting link for actuation of said sleeve valve with both a rotativeand a reciprocative motion, said connecting link having one endconnected to said sleeve valve and another end connected to saidconnecting rod.

2. A combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connection ofsaid another end of said connecting link to said connecting rod iseffected by means of a spherical ball attached to said connecting rod,said ball being mounted in the said another end of said connecting link.

3. A combustion engine as claimed in claim 2, wherein said connectinglink is separated along its length into two sections, said two sectionsbeing normally held together by a bolt and COOPEI'HIlHg WlICI'l boltedtogether to enclose and form a swivel mount for said ball at saidanother end of said connecting link, said one end of said connectinglink forming one part of a hinge joint, another part of said hinge jointbeing connected to said sleeve, and a hole through said one part andsaid another part of the said hinge joint, said one part and saidanother part being held together for swivel motion by a second boltthrough the said hole. l

1. A combustion engine including a cylinder, a crank shaft, a connectingrod journaled on to said crank shaft, a piston attached to saidconnecting rod and reciprocating by means of said crank shaft and saidconnecting rod within said cylinder, and a cylindrical sleeve valvehaving inlet and outlet ports, said sleeve valve being mountedconcentric with respect to both said piston and said cylinder, and aconnecting link for actuation of said sleeve valve with both a rotativeand a reciprocative motion, said connecting link having one endconnected to said sleeve valve and another end connected to saidconnecting rod.
 2. A combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe connection of said another end of said connecting link to saidconnecting rod is effected by means of a spherical ball attached to saidconnecting rod, said ball being mounted In the said another end of saidconnecting link.
 3. A combustion engine as claimed in claim 2, whereinsaid connecting link is separated along its length into two sections,said two sections being normally held together by a bolt andcooperating, when bolted together to enclose and form a swivel mount forsaid ball at said another end of said connecting link, said one end ofsaid connecting link forming one part of a hinge joint, another part ofsaid hinge joint being connected to said sleeve, and a hole through saidone part and said another part of the said hinge joint, said one partand said another part being held together for swivel motion by a secondbolt through the said hole.